In recent years the majority of journal articles have become available in electronic format. When referencing an article, print or electronic, you need to make sure that there is enough bibliographic information for the article to be located. Other elements, such as [online], database title and URL, do not need to be included. If there is a digital object identifier (doi), the doi can be included after the page numbers, for example
Reference list
Sjogren, P., Kullberg, E., Hoogstraate, J., Johansson, O., Herbst, B. and Forsell, M. (2010) ‘Evaluation of dental hygiene education for nursing home staff’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66 (2), pp. 345-349. doi: 10.1111/j.1365.2648.2009.05181.x.
Journal articles using article numbers
Some publishers only provides an article number, issue numbers and page numbers are omitted. To reference this type of article use the following format:
Kanda, G.S., Ravelli, L., Lowe, B., Egger, W. and Keeble, D.J. (2016) 'Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy study of Kapton thin foils', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 49, 025305 (3pp). doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/49/2/025305
Above is an example of referencing an article with an article number, the number 0253305 is the article number and the number of page is in brackets.
Author (surname followed by initials)
Year of publication (in round brackets)
Title of article (in single quotation marks)
Title of journal (in italics – capitalise first letter of each word in title, except for linking words such as and, of, the, for)
Volume if given
Article Number
Number of pages in the article (in round brackets)
doi (if available)